The term "workout" is used to describe a non-bankruptcy negotiated modification of debt. More simply stated, a workout is an out-of-court agreement between a debtor and his or her creditors for repayment of the debts between them, which is negotiated without all the procedural complications — and perhaps the stigma — of the bankruptcy process.
There are a variety of reasons why a debtor might prefer a workout to bankruptcy. By entering into a voluntary agreement with creditors, the debtor avoids the stigma that attaches to bankruptcy but achieves the same results — discharge from all or a portion of his or her debts. In fact, a workout discharge can be even broader than a bankruptcy discharge. In addition, a workout discharge does not affect the debtor's rights to file a future bankruptcy, whereas certain types of bankruptcy discharges do. The main advantage of a workout is that both the debtor and the participating creditors voluntarily enter into it. In a workout, unlike bankruptcy, the majority of creditors cannot cram down concessions on dissenting creditors.
· Compositions and Extensions. A "composition" is a contract between the debtor and two or more creditors in which the creditors agree to take a partial payment in full satisfaction of their claims. An "extension" is a contract between the debtor and two or more creditors in which the creditors agree to extend the time for payment of their claims. An agreement may be both a composition and an extension; in other words, an agreement to accept less money over a longer period of time.
There is no requirement that all of the debtor's creditors agree to a composition or extension, but most of them must voluntarily support it for it to work. Creditors that do not agree to the workout are not affected by it and remain entitled to pursue other remedies to collect the debts owed to them. Although they can theoretically proceed to recover the full amount due, they forfeit the right to benefit automatically from whatever partial payment the composition would have allowed had they taken part.
Non-bankruptcy alternatives such as compositions and extensions have several benefits. However, in some circumstances, a debtor is afforded greater protection by a formal bankruptcy, and attempting a workout may just prolong the financial agony and delay the inevitable. An attorney who has experience in bankruptcy and debtor-creditor law can help both debtors and creditors determine whether a workout is the best option for debt repayment, or whether bankruptcy is the better choice in their particular circumstances.
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